Definition: Acute cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones (calculous cholecystitis). It can lead to gallbladder distension, ischemia, necrosis, and perforation if untreated. Acalculous cholecystitis, a less common form, occurs without gallstones and is associated with critical illness or…

Definition and Pathophysiology:   Acute appendicitis is the inflammation of the vermiform appendix, typically caused by an obstruction due to fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia, tumors, or foreign bodies. If untreated, it can lead to perforation, peritonitis, and sepsis, making it a medical emergency that often requires surgical intervention. Pathophysiology   The…